This page is experimental and may change significantly in future releases.
Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
Access Control Configuration
Access Control Group
Access Control List
Access Mediator
Access Process
Access Token
Activity Dependency
Actuator
Address Space
Administrative Network Traffic
Aircraft Computer
Alias
Allocate Memory
Anonymous Pipe
Application
Application Configuration
Application Configuration Database
Application Configuration Database Record
Application Configuration File
Application Failure Count Variable
Application Installer
Application Inventory Sensor
Application Layer Firewall
Application Layer Link
Application Process
Application Process Configuration
Application Rule
Application Runtime Variable
Application Scan Time
Application Shim
Archive File
Artifact
Artifact Server
Asset Inventory Agent
Asymmetric Key
Atomic Clock
Audio Input Device
Authenticate User
Authentication Function
Authentication Log
Authentication Server
Authentication Service
Authentication Service Application
Authorization Log
Authorization Service
Automotive Electronic Control Unit
Barcode Scanner Input Device
Binary Large Object
Binary Segment
Bitmap Image
Bitmap Image File
Block Device
Boot Loader
Boot ROM
Boot Record
Boot Sector
Browser
Browser Extension
Build Tool
Bus Message
Bus Network
Bus Network Frame
Bus Network Node
Bus Network Traffic
Business Communication Platform Client
CA Certificate File
Processor Cache Memory
Call Stack
Central Processing Unit
Certificate
Certificate File
Certificate Trust Store
Chatroom Client
Child Process
Client Application
Client Computer
Clipboard
Clock
Cloud-based Database Application
Cloud Configuration
Cloud Instance Metadata
Cloud Service Sensor
Cloud Storage
Cloud User Account
Code Analyzer
Code Repository
Codec Application
Codec Library
Collaborative Software
Combination Lock
Command
Command History Log
Command History Log File
Command Line Interface
Compiler
Compiler Configuration File
Computer Cabinet
Computer Case
Computer Enclosure
Computer Network Node
Computer Platform
Computing Image
Computing Server
Computing Snapshot
Configuration Database
Configuration Database Record
Configuration File
Configuration Management Database
Configuration Resource
Connect Socket
Console Output Function
Container Build Tool
Container Image
Container Orchestration Software
Container Process
Container Runtime
Content Policy
Control Flow Graph
Control Flow Policy
Control Server
Copy Memory Function
Copy Token
Create File
Create Process
Create Socket
Create Thread
Credential
Credential Management System
Cryptographic Key
Custom Archive File
Cyber Sensor
DHCP Network Traffic
DHCP Server
DHCP Service
DHCP Service Application
DNS Lookup
DNS Network Traffic
DNS Record
DNS Server
Data Acquisition Agent
Data Acquisition Unit
Data Artifact Server
Data Dependency
Data Link Link
Database
Database Application
Database File
Database Query
Database Record
Database Server
Database Service
Database Service Application
Decoder Application
Decoy Artifact
Default User Account
Delete File
Dependency
Deserialization Function
Desktop Computer
Developer Application
Dial Up Modem
Differential Volume Snapshot
Digital Access Badge
Digital Artifact
Digital Audio
Digital Audio Visual Media
Digital Camera
Digital Document
Digital Event Record
Digital Fingerprint
Digital Identity
Digital Image
Digital Information
Digital Information Bearer
Digital Media
Digital Message
Digital Multimedia
Digital Signal Processing Application
Digital System
Digital Text
Digital Video
Directory
Directory Service
Disk Image
Display Adapter
Display Device Driver
Display Server
Document File
Domain Name
Domain Registration
Domain User Account
Dynamic Analysis Tool
Electrical Signal
Electromagnetic Signal
Electronic Combination Lock
Email
Email Attachment
Email Rule
Embedded Computer
Embedded Database Application
Enclave
Encoder Application
Encrypted Credential
Encrypted Password
Endpoint Sensor
Eval Function
Event Log
Exception Handler
Exec
Executable Binary
Executable File
Executable Script
External Content Inclusion Function
FPGA Bitstream
Fast Symbolic Link
File
File Content Block
File Content Block Data
File Content Block Metadata
File Footer Block
File Footer Block Content
File Footer Block Signature
File Hash
File Header Block
File Header Block Content
File Header Block Signature
File Magic Bytes
File Metadata
File Path Open Function
File Section
File Server
File Share Service
File System
File System Link
File System Metadata
File System Sensor
File Transfer Network Traffic
Finger Print Scanner Input Device
Firewall
Firmware
Firmware Sensor
First-stage Boot Loader
Flash Memory
Flight Software
Forward Proxy Server
Free Memory
Full Volume Snapshot
GNSS Receiver
GNSS Satellite
GNSS Signal
GNSS Time Record
Get Open Sockets
Get Open Windows
Get Running Processes
Get Screen Capture
Get System Config Value
Get System Network Config Value
Get System Time
Get Thread Context
Global User Account
Graphical User Interface
Graphics Card Firmware
Graphics Processing Unit
Group Policy
HMI Application
HMI Application Process
HTML File
Hard Disk Firmware
Hard Link
Hardware Clock
Hardware Clock Device Driver
Hardware Device
Hardware Device Configuration
Hardware Driver
Hardware Timer
Hardware Timer Device Driver
Hardware Watchdog Timer
Heap Segment
Host
Host-based Firewall
Host Configuration Sensor
Host Group
Hostname
Human Input Device Firmware
I/O Module
IP Address
IPC Network Traffic
IP Phone
Identifier
Image Code Segment
Image Data Segment
Image File
Image Scanner Input Device
Image Segment
Impersonate User
Import Library Function
In-memory Password Store
Inbound Internet DNS Response Traffic
Inbound Internet Encrypted Traffic
Inbound Internet Encrypted Web Traffic
Inbound Internet Mail Traffic
Inbound Internet Network Traffic
Inbound Internet Web Traffic
Inbound Network Traffic
Init Script
Input Device
Input Function
Instant Messaging Client
Integration Test Execution Tool
Internet DNS Lookup
Internet File Transfer Traffic
Internet Network
Internet Network Traffic
Internet Persona
Interprocess Communication
Intranet Administrative Network Traffic
Intranet DNS Lookup
Intranet File Transfer Traffic
Intranet IPC Network Traffic
Intranet Multicast Network Traffic
Intranet Network
Intranet Network Traffic
Intranet RPC Network Traffic
Intranet Web Network Traffic
Intrusion Detection System
Intrusion Prevention System
Java Archive
JavaScript Blob
Job Schedule
Job Scheduler Software
Kerberos Ticket
Kerberos Ticket Granting Service Ticket
Kerberos Ticket Granting Ticket
Kerberos Ticket Granting Ticket Account
Kernel
Kernel API Sensor
Kernel Module
Kernel Process Table
Keyboard Input Device
Kiosk Computer
Laptop Computer
Legacy System
Link
Linux Clone
Linux Clone3
Linux Clone3 Argument CLONE_THREAD
Linux Clone Argument CLONE_THREAD
Linux Connect
Linux Creat
Linux Delete Module
Linux Execve
Linux Execveat
Linux Fork
Linux Init_Module
Linux Kill Argument SIGKILL
Linux Mmap
Linux Mmap2
Linux Munmap
Linux Open Argument O_CREAT
Linux Open Argument O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR
Linux OpenAt2 Argument O_CREAT
Linux OpenAt2 Argument O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR
Linux OpenAt Argument O_CREAT
Linux OpenAt Argument O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR
Linux Pause Process
Linux Pause Thread
Linux Ptrace Argument PTRACE_ATTACH
Linux Ptrace Argument PTRACE_CONT
Linux Ptrace Argument PTRACE_GETREGS
Linux Ptrace Argument PTRACE_INTERRUPT
Linux Ptrace Argument PTRACE_PEEKTEXT
Linux Ptrace Argument PTRACE_POKETEXT
Linux Ptrace Argument PTRACE_SETREGS
Linux Ptrace Argument PTRACE_DETACH
Linux Ptrace Argument PTRACE_TRACEME
Linux Read
Linux Readv
Linux Rename
Linux Renameat
Linux Renameat2
Linux Socket
Linux Socketcall Argument SYS_CONNECT
Linux Socketcall Argument SYS_SOCKET
Linux Time
Linux Unlink
Linux Unlinkat
Linux Vfork
Linux Write
Linux Writev
Linux _Exit
Load Module
Local Area Network
Local Area Network Traffic
Local Authentication Service
Local Authorization Service
Local Resource
Local Resource Access
Local User Account
Log
Log File
Log Message Function
Logical Link
Login Session
Logon User
MAC Address
MacOS Keychain
Mail Network Traffic
Mail Server
Mail Service
Mathematical Function
Media Server
Memory Address
Memory Address Space
Memory Allocation Function
Memory Block
Memory Extent
Memory Free Function
Memory Management Unit
Memory Management Unit Component
Memory Pool
Memory Protection Unit
Memory Word
Message Transfer Agent
Metadata
Microcode
Microsoft HTML Application
Mobile Phone
Modem
Motion Detector
Mouse Input Device
Move File
Multimedia Document File
Multimedia File
NTFS Hard Link
NTFS Junction Point
NTFS Link
NTFS Symbolic Link
Named Pipe
Network
Network Agent
Network Audio Streaming Resource
Network Audio Visual Streaming Resource
Network Card Firmware
Network Directory Resource
Network File Resource
Network File Share Resource
Network Flow
Network Flow Sensor
Network Frame
Network Init Script File Resource
Network Interface Card
Network Link
Network Media Streaming Resource
Network Multimedia Streaming Resource
Network Node
Network Packet
Network Printer
Network Protocol Analyzer
Network Resource
Network Resource Access
Network Scanner
Network Sensor
Network Service Application Process
Network Session
Network Time Server
Network Traffic
Network Traffic Analysis Software
Network Video Streaming Resource
OS API Access Process
OS API Allocate Memory
OS API Connect Socket
OS API Copy Token
OS API Create File
OS API Create Process
OS API Create Socket
OS API Create Thread
OS API Delete File
OS API Exec
OS API Free Memory
OS API Function
OS API Get System Time
OS API Get Thread Context
OS API Load Module
OS API Move File
OS API Open File
OS API Read File
OS API Read Memory
OS API Resume Process
OS API Resume Thread
OS API Save Registers
OS API Set Registers
OS API Set Thread Context
OS API Suspend Process
OS API Suspend Thread
OS API System Function
OS API Terminate Process
OS API Trace Process
OS API Trace Thread
OS API Unload Module
OS API Write File
OS API Write Memory
OT Abort Command
OT Actuator
OT Alarm Message
OT Change Control Program Command
OT Change Data Command
OT Connection Command
OT Control Command
OT Control Function
OT Control Logic Process
OT Control Program
OT Control Variable
OT Controller
OT Controller Operating Mode
OT Create Data Command
OT Create New Control Program Command
OT Debug Command
OT Delete Control Program Command
OT Delete Data Command
OT Device Configuration Command
OT Device Description Message
OT Device Firmware Command
OT Device Identification Message
OT Device Management Message
OT Diagnostics Message
OT Disconnect Remote Connection Command
OT Download Control Program Command
OT Embedded Computer
OT Engineering Software
OT Engineering Workstation
OT Error Message
OT Establish Remote Connection Command
OT Exception Message
OT Human Machine Interface
OT I/O Module
OT Logic Variable
OT Mode Switch
OT Modify Control Program Command
OT Modify Device Configuration Command
OT Modify Device Operating Mode Command
OT Network
OT Network Management Command
OT Network Traffic
OT Pause Command
OT Power Supply
OT Process Data Command
OT Process Data Historian
OT Process Variable
OT Program Mode Command
OT Proprietary Message
OT Protocol Message
OT Read Command
OT Read Device Configuration Command
OT Read File Command
OT Read Time Command
OT Read Value Command
OT Remote Mode Command
OT Run Command
OT Scan Time
OT Security Command
OT Sensor
OT Set Time Command
OT Stop Command
OT Synchronize Time Command
OT Test Command
OT Time Command
OT Transport Configuration Command
OT Watchdog Timer
OT Write Command
Object File
Office Application
Office Application File
Open File
Operating Mode
Operating System
Operating System Clock
Operating System Configuration
Operating System Configuration Component
Operating System Configuration File
Operating System Executable File
Operating System File
Operating System Log File
Operating System Packaging Tool
Operating System Process
Operating System Shared Library File
Operations Center Computer
Optical Disc Image
Optical Modem
Orchestration Controller
Orchestration Server
Orchestration Worker
Outbound Internet DNS Lookup Traffic
Outbound Internet Encrypted Remote Terminal Traffic
Outbound Internet Encrypted Traffic
Outbound Internet Encrypted Web Traffic
Outbound Internet File Transfer Traffic
Outbound Internet Mail Traffic
Outbound Internet Network Traffic
Outbound Internet RPC Traffic
Outbound Internet Web Traffic
Outbound Network Traffic
Output Device
POSIX Symbolic Link
Package URL
Packet Capture File
Packet Log
Page
Page Frame
Page Table
Parent Process
Partition
Partition Table
Password
Password Database
Password File
Password Manager
Password Store
Peripheral Firmware
Peripheral Hub Firmware
Personal Computer
Physical Address
Physical Artifact
Physical Data Diode
Physical Key
Physical Key Lock
Physical Link
Physical Lock
Pipe
Platform Uptime
Pointer
Pointer Dereferencing Function
PowerShell Profile Script
Power Supply
Primary Storage
Print Server
Private Key
Privileged User Account
Process
Process Code Segment
Process Data Segment
Process Environment Variable
Process Image
Process Segment
Process Start Function
Process Tree
Processor
Processor Component
Processor Register
Property List File
Proximity Sensor
Proxy Server
Public Key
Python Package
Python Script File
RAM
RDP Session
ROM
RPC Network Traffic
RTSP Server
Radio Modem
Raw Memory Access Function
Read File
Read Memory
Real-time operating system
Real-time Clock
Receiver
Record
Remote Authentication Service
Remote Authorization Service
Remote Command
Remote Database Query
Remote Login Session
Remote Procedure Call
Remote Resource
Remote Session
Remote Shell Command
Remote Terminal Session
Removable Media Device
Repository
Resource
Resource Access
Resource Fork
Resume Process
Resume Thread
Reverse Proxy Server
Router
Runtime Variable
SSH Session
Safe Mode
Satellite
Satellite Transponder
Save Registers
Saved Instruction Pointer
Scheduled Job
Script Application Process
Second-stage Boot Loader
Secondary Storage
Security Token
Sensor
Serialization Function
Server
Service Account
Service Application
Service Application Process
Service Dependency
Session
Session Cookie
Session Token
Set Registers
Set System Config Value
Set Thread Context
Shadow Stack
Shared Computer
Shared Library File
Shared Resource Access Function
Shell Command
Shim
Shim Database
Shortcut File
Signal
Slow Symbolic Link
Software
Software-defined Radio
Software-Defined Radio Computer
Software-defined Radio Configuration
Software-Defined Radio Device
Software-defined Radio Waveform Application
Software Artifact Server
Software Clock
Software Deployment Tool
Software Library
Software Library File
Software Package
Software Packaging Tool
Software Patch
Software Repository
Software Timer
Software Watchdog Timer
Source Code Analyzer Tool
Spacecraft
Spacecraft Computer
Spacecraft Safe Mode
Stack Component
Stack Frame
Stack Frame Canary
Stack Segment
Startup Directory
Static Analysis Tool
Storage
Storage Image
Storage Snapshot
Stored Procedure
String Format Function
Subroutine
Suspend Process
Suspend Thread
Switch
Symbolic Link
Symmetric Key
System
System Application Cycle Count
System Call
System Config System Call
System Configuration Database
System Configuration Database Record
System Configuration Init Database Record
System Configuration Init Resource
System Dependency
System Firewall Configuration
System Firmware
System Init Configuration
System Init Process
System Init Script
System Password Database
System Platform Variable
System Service Software
System Software
System Startup Directory
System State Image
System Time
System Time Application
System Utilization Record
TFTP Network Traffic
TFTP Server
Tablet Computer
Telecommand
Terminate Process
Tertiary Storage
Test Execution Tool
Thin Client Computer
Thread
Thread Start Function
Ticket Granting Ticket
Time Record
Time Series Database
Timer
Trace Process
Trace Thread
Transceiver
Transducer Sensor
Translation Lookaside Buffer
Transmitter
Transponder
Transport Link
Trust Store
URL
Unit Test Execution Tool
Unix Hard Link
Unix Link
Unload Module
User Account
User Action
User Application
User Behavior
User Group
User Init Configuration File
User Init Script
User Input Function
User Interface
User Logon Init Resource
User Process
User Profile
User Startup Directory
User Startup Script File
User to User Message
Utility Software
Virtual Machine Image
VPN Server
Vector Image
Vector Image File
Vehicle
Vehicle Computer
Vehicle Control Software
Vehicle Operating Mode
Vehicle Software
Version Control Tool
Video Input Device
Virtual Address
Virtual Memory Space
Virtualization Software
Volume
Volume Boot Record
Volume Snapshot
Watchdog Timer
Web API Resource
Web Access Token
Web Application
Web Application Firewall
Web Application Server
Web File Resource
Web Identity Token
Web Network Traffic
Web Resource
Web Resource Access
Web Script File
Web Server
Web Server Application
Wide Area Network
Windows OpenFile
Windows CreateFileA
Windows CreateProcessA
Windows CreateRemoteThread
Windows CreateThread
Windows DeleteFile
Windows DuplicateToken
Windows GetThreadContext
Windows NtGetThreadContext
Windows NtAllocateVirtualMemory
Windows NtAllocateVirtualMemoryEx
Windows NtCreateFile
Windows NtCreateMailslotFile
Windows NtCreateNamedPipeFile
Windows NtCreatePagingFile
Windows NtCreateProcess
Windows NtCreateProcessEx
Windows NtCreateThread
Windows NtCreateThreadEx
Windows NtDeleteFile
Windows NtDuplicateToken
Windows NtFlushInstructionCache
Windows NtFreeVirtualMemory
Windows NtOpenFile
Windows NtOpenProcess
Windows NtOpenThread
Windows NtProtectVirtualMemory
Windows NtQuerySystemTime
Windows NtReadFile
Windows NtReadFileScatter
Windows NtResumeThread
Windows NtSetInformationFile Argument FileDispositionInformation
Windows NtSetThreadContext
Windows NtSuspendProcess
Windows NtSuspendThread
Windows NtTerminateProcess
Windows NtWriteFile
Windows NtWriteFileGather
Windows NtWriteVirtualMemory
Windows OpenProcess
Windows OpenThread
Windows QueryPerformanceCounter
Windows ReadFile
Windows Registry
Windows Registry Key
Windows Registry Value
Windows ResumeThread
Windows SetThreadContext
Windows Shortcut File
Windows SuspendThread
Windows TerminateProcess
Windows VirtualAllocEx
Windows VirtualFree
Windows VirtualProtectEx
Windows WriteFile
Windows WriteProcessMemory
Wired Link
Wireless Access Point
Wireless Link
Wireless Router
Write File
Write Memory
Write Protect Switch
Zero Client Computer
Properties
id: d3f:CWE-441
- name
- Unintended Proxy or Intermediary ('Confused Deputy')
- definition
- The product receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the product does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the product's control sphere. This causes the product to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor.
- synonyms
- Confused Deputy
Neighbors
CWE-441 has no direct neighbors in this release.